eDNA metabarcoding primer sets with target gene, organism group, primer sequences, and expected amplicon size (insert, excluding primers). Use the Genome Browser tab to visualise in-silico PCR results against reference mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear rDNA sequences.
| Assay | Target group | Forward primer | Reverse primer | Size (bp) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COI | |||||
| folmer_COI | metazoa | LCO1490: GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG | HCO2198: TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA | 658 | Folmer et al. 1994 β |
| geller_COI | metazoa | jgLCO1490: TITCIACIAAYCAYAARGAYATTGG | jgHCO2198: TAIACYTCIGGRTGICCRAARAAYCA | β | Geller et al. 2013 β |
| leray_COI | metazoa | mlCOIintF: GGWACWGGWTGAACWGTWTAYCCYCC | jgHCO2198: TAIACYTCIGGRTGICCRAARAAYCA | 313 | Leray et al. 2013 β |
| Leray-XT | metazoa | mlCOIintF-XT: GGWACWRGWTGRACWITITAYCCYCC | jgHCO2198: TAIACYTCIGGRTGICCRAARAAYCA | 313 | Wangensteen et al. 2018 β |
| lobo_COI | metazoa | LoboF1: KBTCHACAAAYCAYAARGAYATHGG | LoboR1: TAAACYTCWGGRTGWCCRAARAAYCA | β | Lobo et al. 2013 β |
| fwh1 | invertebrates | fwhF1: YTCHACWAAYCAYAARGAYATYGG | fwhR1: ARTCARTTWCCRAAHCCHCC | 178 | Vamos et al. 2017 β |
| fwh2 | invertebrates | fwhF2: GGDACWGGWTGAACWGTWTAYCCHCC | fwhR2: GTRATWGCHCCDGCAARWACWGG | 205 | Vamos et al. 2017 β |
| wilderlab_CI | invertebrates | wilderlab_fwhF2: DACWGGWTGAACWGTWTAYCCHCC | wilderlab_coi_reverse: GTTGTAATAAAATTAAYDGCYCCTARAATDGA | 76 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_EA | freshwater mussels | wilderlab_EA_F: TATATAATGTTATTGTAACRGCGC | wilderlab_EA_R: CCCARCATCAAAGGAATCAAYCA | β | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_XG | bullies | wilderlab_XG_F: GCAATYTCCCAGTATCARACACC | wilderlab_XG_R: GCAGCAAGMACGGGGAG | β | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| 12S rRNA | |||||
| MiFish-U | fish | MiFish-U-F: GTCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGC | MiFish-U-R: CATAGTGGGGTATCTAATCCCAGTTTG | 174 | Miya et al. 2015 β |
| MiFish-E | elasmobranchs | MiFish-E-F: GTTGGTAAATCTCGTGCCAGC | MiFish-E-R: CATAGTGGGGTATCTAATCCTAGTTTG | 174 | Miya et al. 2015 β |
| MiFish-U/E | fish | MiFish-U/E-F: GTYGGTAAAWCTCGTGCCAGC | MiFish-U/E-R: CATAGTGGGGTATCTAATCCYAGTTTG | β | Miya et al. 2015 β |
| valentini_12S | fish | L1848: ACACCGCCCGTCACTCT | H1913: CTTCCGGTACACTTACCATG | 63 | Valentini et al. 2016 β |
| MiMammal-U | mammals | MiMammal-U-F: GGGTTGGTAAATTTCGTGCCAGC | MiMammal-U-R: CATAGTGGGGTATCTAATCCCAGTTTG | β | Ushio et al. 2017 β |
| MiMammal-E | elephants | MiMammal-E-F: GGACTGGTCAATTTCGTGCCAGC | MiMammal-E-R: CATAGTGAGGTATCTAATCTCAGTTTG | β | Ushio et al. 2017 β |
| MiMammal-B | bears | MiMammal-B-F: GGGTTGGTTAATTTCGTGCCAGC | MiMammal-B-R: CATAGTGGGGTATCTAATCCCAGTTTG | β | Ushio et al. 2017 β |
| MarVer1 | vertebrates | MarVer1F: CGTGCCAGCCACCGCG | MarVer1R: GGGTATCTAATCCYAGTTTG | 205 | Valsecchi et al. 2020 β |
| wilderlab_RV | vertebrates | 12S-V5-F: TTAGATACCCCACTATGC | 12S-V5-R: TAGAACAGGCTCCTCTAG | 100 | Riaz et al. 2011 β |
| wilderlab_LG | fish | wilderlab_LG_F: CGGCGTAAAGWGTGGTTAGG | MiFish-U-R: CATAGTGGGGTATCTAATCCCAGTTTG | 113 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_LV | vertebrates | wilderlab_LV_F: TCGTGCCAGCCRCCGC | wilderlab_LV_R: CATAGTGGGGTATCTAATCCCAGTTTG | 133 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_LM | mammals | MarVer1F: CGTGCCAGCCACCGCG | MarVer1R: GGGTATCTAATCCYAGTTTG | β | Valsecchi et al. 2020 β |
| 16S rRNA | |||||
| Vert-16S-eDNA | fish | Vert-16S-eDNA-F1: AGACGAGAAGACCCTDTGGAGCTT | Vert-16S-eDNA-R1: GATCCAACATCGAGGTCGTAA | 250 | Vences et al. 2016 β |
| MarVer3 | vertebrates | MarVer3F: AGACGAGAAGACCCTRTG | MarVer3R: GGATTGCGCTGTTATCCC | 253 | Valsecchi et al. 2020 β |
| 16S_FishSyn_Short | fish | 16S_FishSyn_Short_F: GACGAGAAGACCCTGTGGAGC | 16S_FishSyn_Short_R: CCGYGGTCGCCCCAAC | 80 | Nester et al. 2020 β |
| 16S_FishSyn_Long | fish | 16S_FishSyn_Long_F: GACGAGAAGACCCTDTGGAG | 16S_FishSyn_Long_R: GRATTGCGNTGTTATCCCT | 200 | Nester et al. 2020 β |
| wilderlab_WV | vertebrates | wilderlab_WV_F: GACGAGAAGACCCTWTGGAGC | wilderlab_WV_R: CCRYGGTCGCCCCAAC | 80 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| MiDeca | decapods | MiDeca-F: GGACGATAAGACCCTATAAA | MiDeca-R: ACGCTGTTATCCCTAAAGT | 168 | Komai et al. 2019 β |
| prie_veneroida | venerid clams | prie_veneroida_F: CSCTGTTATCCCYRCGGTA | prie_veneroida_R: TTDTAAAAGCCGAGAAGACCC | β | PriΓ© et al. 2020 β |
| wilderlab_HD | crustaceans | MiDeca-F: GGACGATAAGACCCTATAAA | MiDeca-R: ACGCTGTTATCCCTAAAGT | 168 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_WG | venerid clams | wilderlab_WG_F: CSCTGTTATCCCYRCGGTA | wilderlab_WG_R: TTDTAAAAGMCGAGAAGACCC | 130 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_ZP | zooplankton | wilderlab_ZP_F: GGACGATAAGACCCTATAAADCTT | wilderlab_ZP_R: CGCTGTTATCCCTAAAGTAAYTT | β | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_ZC | zooplankton | wilderlab_ZC_F: GGACGATAAGACCCTATAAADCTT | wilderlab_ZC_R: CGCTGTTATCCCTAAAGTAAYTT | 115 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_DG | decapods | wilderlab_DG_F: TCTTCGGTTGGGGCGAC | wilderlab_DG_R: GGATTGCGCTGTTATCCCT | 95 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| Sponge16S | porifera | Sponge16S_377For: NGAGTACTGTRAAGGAAAGYTG | Sponge16S_583Rev: AGATCACTTGGYTTCGGG | β | Alexander et al. 2019 β |
| wilderlab_UM | bacteria | F785e: GGATTAGATACCCTGGTA | 907R: CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT | 102 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| Cyt b | |||||
| wilderlab_YG | vertebrates | wilderlab_YG_F: CBGAYATCTCYACCGCYTTYTC | wilderlab_YG_R: AAAGAAAGATGCGCCRTTRGCATG | β | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| 18S rRNA | |||||
| amaral_zettler_18S | protists | 1389F: TTGTACACACCGCCC | 1510R: CCTTCYGCAGGTTCACCTAC | β | Amaral-Zettler et al. 2009 β |
| wilderlab_BE | eukaryotes | 1380F: CCCTGCCHTTTGTACACAC | 1510R: CCTTCYGCAGGTTCACCTAC | 125 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_BU | protists | 1389F: TTGTACACACCGCCC | 1510R: CCTTCYGCAGGTTCACCTAC | 120 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_BX | eukaryotes | 18S_1F: GCCAGTAGTCATATGCTTGTCT | 18S_400R: GCCTGCTGCCTTCCTT | 400 | Pochon et al. 2013 β |
| ITS1 | |||||
| wilderlab_GV | vascular plants | wilderlab_GV_F: GTGAACCTGCGGAAGGATC | wilderlab_GV_R: GATATCCGTTGCCGAGAGTC | 250 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| wilderlab_GF | fungi | Fung02_F: GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG | Fung02_R: CAAGAGATCCGTTGYTGAAAGTK | 124 | Epp et al. 2012 β |
| ITS2 | |||||
| CoralTTS2 | scleractinia | SCLER5.8SFor: GARTCTTTGAACGCAAATGGC | SCLER28SRev: GCTTATTAATATGCTTAAATTCAGCG | β | Alexander et al. 2019 β |
| CoralTTS2_acro | acropora | SCLER5.8SFor: GARTCTTTGAACGCAAATGGC | Coralacro_874Rev: TCGCCGTTACTGAGGGAATC | β | Alexander et al. 2019 β |
| wilderlab_GD | cnidaria | SCLER5.8SFor: GARTCTTTGAACGCAAATGGC | SCLER28SRev: GCTTATTAATATGCTTAAATTCAGCG | 375 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
| trnL | |||||
| wilderlab_TP | vascular plants | A49425: GGGCAATCCTGAGCCAA | B49466: CCATTGAGTCTCTGCACCTATC | 53 | Taberlet et al. 2006 β |
| rbcL | |||||
| wilderlab_MZ | vascular plants | wilderlab_rbclZ1: GTCACCACAAACAGAGACTAAAGCAAGT | rbcL19b: CTTCTTCAGGTGGAACTCCAG | 155 | Wilkinson et al. 2024 β |
This tool visualises the binding positions of eDNA metabarcoding primer sets on reference genomes using in-silico PCR. To report issues or suggest primers to add, reach out to @PieterPrvst.
In-silico PCR is performed using fuzzy string matching with a tolerance of up to 4 substitutions per primer, allowing for degenerate bases and minor mismatches. IUPAC ambiguity codes in primer sequences are expanded to character classes before matching. Primer pairs producing an amplicon larger than 3Γ the published insert size are excluded as likely false positives. Amplicon sizes shown are insert sizes (excluding primers), consistent with published values.
Sequences are fetched from NCBI GenBank. Gene annotations are parsed from GenBank feature tables; tRNA features are included for chloroplast genomes only.
| Accession | Species | Common name | Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| NC_002333 | Danio rerio | Zebrafish | mito |
| NC_012920 | Homo sapiens | Human | mito |
| NC_001709 | Drosophila melanogaster | Fruit fly | mito |
| NC_006161 | Mytilus edulis | Blue mussel | mito |
| NC_009626 | Penaeus vannamei | Pacific shrimp | mito |
| NC_006894 | Axinella corrugata | Sponge | mito |
| PX734719.1 | Oxyeleotris lineolata | Sleeper goby | mito |
| PV383170.1 | Meretrix lamarckii | Venerid clam | mito |
| NC_000932 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Arabidopsis (cp) | plastid |
| U13369 | Homo sapiens | Human rDNA | nuclear |
| LC089989.1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Plant ITS | nuclear |
| LC544104.1 | Rhizophagus sp. | Fungal ITS | nuclear |
| LC877251.1 | Favites irregularis | Coral ITS2 | nuclear |
| PP905704.2 | Amoebophrya sp. | Dinoflagellate 18S | nuclear |